Solar power generation is divided into photothermal power generation and photovoltaic power generation. Regardless of production and sales, development speed and development prospects, solar thermal power generation cannot keep up with photovoltaic power generation. Perhaps due to the widespread popularity of photovoltaic power generation, there is less exposure to solar thermal power generation. Generally speaking, solar power generation in the folk often refers to solar photovoltaic power generation, or photoelectricity for short.

The home solar power generation system consists of solar battery packs, solar controllers, and storage batteries (groups). If the output power is AC 220V or 110V, an inverter is also required.

1. Solar panels

The solar panel is the core part of the solar power generation system. The function of the solar panel is to convert the light energy of the sun into electrical energy, and then output direct current and store it in the battery. The solar panel is one of the most important components in the solar power generation system, and its conversion rate and service life are important factors to determine whether the solar cell has use value. 36 or 72 polycrystalline silicon solar cells are used in series to form various types of 12V and 24V components. The module can be used in various household photovoltaic systems, independent photovoltaic power plants and grid-connected photovoltaic power plants, etc.

Characteristics of solar panel raw materials:

Cells: Encapsulated with high-efficiency (above 16.5%) monocrystalline silicon solar cells to ensure sufficient power generation of solar panels.

Glass: low-iron toughened suede glass (also known as white glass), thickness 3.2mm, light transmittance over 91% within the wavelength range of solar cell spectral response (320-1100nm), for infrared light greater than 1200 nm Has a high reflectivity. At the same time, the glass can withstand the radiation of the sun's ultraviolet rays, and the light transmittance does not decrease.

EVA: The high-quality EVA film layer with a thickness of 0.78mm added with anti-ultraviolet agent, antioxidant and curing agent is used as the sealant of solar cells and the connection agent with glass and TPT. It has high light transmittance and anti-aging ability.

TPT: The back cover of the solar cell—the fluoroplastic film is white and reflects sunlight, so the efficiency of the module is slightly improved, and because of its high infrared emissivity, it can also reduce the operating temperature of the module and also reduce the temperature of the module. It is beneficial to improve the efficiency of the components. Of course, the fluoroplastic film firstly has basic requirements such as aging resistance, corrosion resistance, and airtightness required by solar cell packaging materials.

Frame: The aluminum alloy frame used has high strength and strong mechanical shock resistance. It is also the most valuable part of home solar power generation.

2. Solar controller

The solar controller is composed of a special processor CPU, electronic components, displays, switching power tubes, etc.

Main features of solar controller:

1. The use of single-chip microcomputer and special software realizes intelligent control;

2. Accurate discharge control using battery discharge rate characteristic correction. The end-of-discharge voltage is the control point corrected by the discharge rate curve, which eliminates the inaccuracy of over-discharge by simple voltage control, and conforms to the inherent characteristics of the battery, that is, different discharge rates have different end-voltages.

3. Fully automatic control of overcharge, overdischarge, electronic short circuit, overload protection, and unique anti-reverse connection protection; none of the above protections will damage any parts and will not burn the insurance;

4. The series-type PWM charging main circuit is adopted, so that the voltage loss of the charging circuit is reduced by nearly half compared with the charging circuit using a diode, and the charging efficiency is 3%-6% higher than that of non-PWM, which increases the power consumption time; the recovery of over-discharge is improved Charging, normal direct charging, floating charging automatic control method makes the system have a longer service life; at the same time, it has high-precision temperature compensation;

5. The intuitive LED light-emitting tube indicates the current battery status, allowing users to understand the usage status;

6. All controls adopt industrial-grade chips (only for industrial-grade controllers with I), which can operate freely in cold, high-temperature, and humid environments. At the same time, the crystal oscillator timing control is used, and the timing control is precise.

7. The potentiometer adjustment control set point is canceled, and the E-side memory is used to record each work control point, so that the setting is digitized, and the error of the control point due to the vibration deviation of the potentiometer, temperature drift, etc. is reduced, and the accuracy and reliability are reduced. sex factor;

8. Digital LED display and settings are used, and all settings can be completed with one-button operation. It is extremely convenient and intuitive to use. Its function is to control the working status of the entire system, and to protect the battery from over-charging and over-discharging. In places with large temperature differences, qualified controllers should also have the function of temperature compensation. Other additional functions such as light control switch and time control switch should be optional options of the controller;

3. Battery

The function of battery is to store the electric energy from solar panels when there is light, and release it when needed. Solar battery is the application of 'battery' in solar photovoltaic power generation. There are four types of lead-acid maintenance-free batteries, ordinary lead-acid batteries, gel batteries and alkaline nickel-cadmium batteries. The solar batteries widely used in China are mainly: lead-acid maintenance-free batteries and colloidal batteries. These two types of batteries are very suitable for reliable solar power because of their inherent "maintenance-free" characteristics and less pollution to the environment. systems, especially unattended workstations.

4. Inverter

The direct output of solar energy is generally 12VDC, 24VDC, 48VDC. In order to provide power to 220VAC electrical appliances, it is necessary to convert the DC power generated by the solar power generation system into AC power, so a DC-AC inverter is required.

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