(1) Constant current charging method

The charging current remains constant during the charging process, which is called constant current charging method, referred to as constant current charging method or equal current charging method. During the charging process, as the battery voltage gradually increases, the charging current gradually decreases. In order to keep the charging current from decreasing due to the rising battery terminal voltage, the charging process must gradually increase the power supply voltage to maintain the charging current. The automation degree of the charging equipment is relatively high, and the simple and simple charging equipment cannot meet the requirements of constant current charging. Constant current charging method, in the case of the maximum allowable charging current of the battery, the greater the charging current, the shorter the charging time. In terms of time, it is advantageous to use this method. but after charging

If the charging current remains unchanged, at this time, most of the current is used to electrolyze water, and the electrolyte will bubble too much and appear to be boiling, which not only consumes electric energy, but also easily causes a large amount of active substances on the plate to fall off, and the temperature rise is too high , causing the plate to bend, the capacity will drop rapidly and be scrapped ahead of time. Therefore, this charging method is rarely used.

(2) Constant voltage charging method

In the charging process, the charging voltage remains constant all the time, which is called constant voltage charging method, abbreviated as constant voltage charging method or equal pressure charging method. Since the constant voltage charging starts to the later stage, the power supply voltage is always kept constant, so the charging current is quite large at the beginning of charging, which greatly exceeds the normal charging current value. However, as the charging progresses, the battery terminal voltage gradually increases, and the charging current gradually decreases. When the battery terminal voltage is equal to the charging voltage, the charging current is reduced to a minimum or even zero. It can be seen that the advantage of using the constant voltage charging method is that it can avoid the loss of the active material of the plate and the loss of electric energy caused by the excessive charging current in the later stage of charging. But its disadvantage is that at the beginning of charging, the battery

If the current is too large, the volume of the electrode active material will change and shrink too quickly, which will affect the mechanical strength of the active material and cause it to fall off. In the later stage of charging, the charging current is too small, so that the active material in the deep part of the plate cannot be charged, resulting in long-term insufficient charging, which affects the service life of the battery. Therefore, this charging method is generally only suitable for special occasions where there is no power distribution equipment or the charging equipment is relatively simple, such as the charging of the battery on the car, and the charging of small batteries of the No. 1 to No. 5 dry cell type adopts the equal pressure charging method. When using the equal pressure charging method to charge the battery, the required power supply voltage is about 2.4~2.8V for each single cell of the acidic storage battery, and about 1.6~2.0V for each single cell of the alkaline storage battery.

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(3) Constant voltage charging with fixed resistance

A method adopted to remedy the disadvantages of constant voltage charging. That is, a resistor is connected in series between the charging power source and the battery, so that the current at the initial stage of charging can be adjusted. But sometimes the maximum charging current is limited, so as the charging process progresses, the battery voltage gradually rises, but the current decays almost linearly. Sometimes two resistor values are used, switching from low resistance to high resistance at about 2.4V to reduce outgassing.

(4) stage equal current charging method

Combining the characteristics of constant current and constant voltage charging methods, the battery uses a larger current in the initial stage of charging, and then uses a smaller current after a period of time, and uses a smaller current in the later stage of charging, that is, different currents are used in different stages. The method of constant current charging is called stage constant current charging method. The stage constant current charging method can generally be divided into two stages, and can also be divided into multiple stages.

The charging time required by the stage equal current charging method is short, and the charging effect is also good. Since charging with a smaller current is used in the later stage of charging, the erosion of the active material on the plate by the air bubbles is reduced, and the shedding of the active material is reduced. This charging method can prolong the service life of the battery, save electric energy, and charge thoroughly, so it is a commonly used charging method at present. Generally, the first stage of the battery is charged with a 10h rate current, and the second stage is charged with a 20h rate current. The length of charging time at each stage, the specific requirements and standards of various batteries are different.

The 3-stage charging method is the ideal charging method for lead-acid batteries.

(5) Float charging method

Batteries that are used intermittently or that are only used during AC power outages are charged by float charging. The fixed storage batteries used in some special occasions generally adopt the floating charging method to charge the storage batteries. The main advantage of the float charging method is that it can reduce the gassing rate of the battery and prevent overcharging. At the same time, because the battery is connected in parallel with the DC power supply, when the electrical equipment is powered by a large current, the battery outputs a large current instantaneously, which helps to stabilize the power supply system. Voltage, the power consumption of electrical equipment is normal. The disadvantage of the floating charging method is that the charging of individual batteries is uneven and insufficient, so regular equalizing charging is required.

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